{
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  "Date": "2025-12-03",
  "Title": "High-Throughput Toxicokinetics Examples",
  "Description": "High throughput toxicokinetics (\"HTTK\") is the combination\nof 1) chemical-specific in vitro measurements or in silico\npredictions and 2) generic mathematical models, to predict\nabsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion by the\nbody. HTTK methods have been described by Pearce et al. (2017)\n(<doi:10.18637/jss.v079.i04>) and Breen et al. (2021)\n(<doi:10.1080/17425255.2021.1935867>). Here we provide examples\n(vignettes) applying HTTK to solve various problems in\nbioinformatics, toxicology, and exposure science. In accordance\nwith Davidson-Fritz et al. (2025)\n(<doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321321>), whenever a new HTTK model\nis developed, the code to generate the figures evaluating that\nmodel is added as a new vignettte.",
  "Authors@R": "c(\nperson(\"John\", \"Wambaugh\", email = \"john.wambaugh@UL.org\",\nrole = c(\"aut\", \"cre\"),\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-4024-534X\")),\nperson(\"Robert\", \"Pearce\", role = c(\"aut\"),\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0003-3168-4049\")),\nperson(\"Caroline\", \"Ring\", email = \"Ring.Caroline@epa.gov\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-0463-1251\")),\nperson(\"Greg\", \"Honda\", email = \"honda.gregory@epa.gov\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0001-7713-9850\")),\nperson(\"Matt\", \"Linakis\", email = \"MLINAKIS@ramboll.com\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0003-0526-2395\")),\nperson(\"Dustin\", \"Kapraun\", email = \"kapraun.dustin@epa.gov\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID= \"0000-0001-5570-6383\")),\nperson(\"Kimberly\", \"Truong\", email = \"truong.kimberly@epa.gov\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0003-1716-1006\")),\nperson(\"Meredith\", \"Scherer\", email=\"Scherer.Meredith@epa.gov\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-9785-7363\")),\nperson(\"Annabel\", \"Meade\", email = \"aemeade7@gmail.com\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-5452-8797\")),\nperson(\"Celia\", \"Schacht\", email=\"Schacht.Celia@epa.gov\",\nrole = c(\"aut\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-8131-513X\")),\nperson(\"Elaina\", \"Kenyon\",\nrole = c(\"ctb\"), comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0001-8781-2391\"))\n)",
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  "URL": "https://chemicalinsights.ul.org/",
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    "User": "root"
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  "Author": "John Wambaugh [aut, cre] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-534X>), Robert Pearce [aut]\n(ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-4049>), Caroline Ring\n[aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-1251>), Greg\nHonda [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7713-9850>),\nMatt Linakis [aut] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-2395>), Dustin Kapraun [aut]\n(ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-6383>), Kimberly\nTruong [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1006>),\nMeredith Scherer [aut] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-7363>), Annabel Meade [aut]\n(ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5452-8797>), Celia Schacht\n[aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8131-513X>), Elaina\nKenyon [ctb] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-2391>)",
  "Maintainer": "John Wambaugh <john.wambaugh@UL.org>",
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        "pksim.pcs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "pregnonpregaucs",
      "title": "AUCs for Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women",
      "topics": [
        "pregnonpregaucs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "Scherer2025.IVD",
      "title": "Literature Measurements of In Vitro Cellular and Nominal Concentration",
      "topics": [
        "Scherer2025.IVD"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "supptab1_Linakis2020",
      "title": "Supplementary output from Linakis 2020 vignette analysis.",
      "topics": [
        "supptab1_Linakis2020"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "supptab2_Linakis2020",
      "title": "More supplementary output from Linakis 2020 vignette analysis.",
      "topics": [
        "supptab2_Linakis2020"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "thyroid.ac50s",
      "title": "ToxCast thyroid-related bioactivity data",
      "topics": [
        "thyroid.ac50s"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "truong25.seem3",
      "title": "SEEM3 Example Data for Truong et al. 2025",
      "topics": [
        "truong25.seem3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wallis2023",
      "title": "Wallis et al. 2023 Wallis et al. (2023) (doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c08241 <https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c08241>) estimated the human toxicokinetic half-lives for a range of per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS).",
      "topics": [
        "Wallis2023",
        "wallis2023"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wambaugh2019",
      "title": "in vitro Toxicokinetic Data from Wambaugh et al. (2019)",
      "topics": [
        "wambaugh2019"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wambaugh2019.nhanes",
      "title": "NHANES Chemical Intake Rates for chemicals in Wambaugh et al. (2019)",
      "topics": [
        "wambaugh2019.nhanes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wambaugh2019.raw",
      "title": "Raw Bayesian in vitro Toxicokinetic Data Analysis from Wambaugh et al. (2019)",
      "topics": [
        "wambaugh2019.raw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wambaugh2019.seem3",
      "title": "ExpoCast SEEM3 Consensus Exposure Model Predictions for Chemical Intake Rates",
      "topics": [
        "wambaugh2019.seem3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wambaugh2019.tox21",
      "title": "Tox21 2015 Active Hit Calls (EPA)",
      "topics": [
        "wambaugh2019.tox21"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "wang2018",
      "title": "Wang et al. 2018 Wang et al. (2018) screened the blood of 75 pregnant women for the presence of environmental organic acids (EOAs) and identified mass spectral features corresponding to 453 chemical formulae of which 48 could be mapped to likely structures. Of the 48 with tentative structures the identity of six were confirmed with available chemical standards.",
      "topics": [
        "Wang2018",
        "wang2018"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "Wetmore2012",
      "title": "Published toxicokinetic predictions based on in vitro data from Wetmore et al. 2012.",
      "topics": [
        "Wetmore2012"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "_readme": "https://github.com/cran/httkexamples/raw/HEAD/README.md",
  "_rundeps": [
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    "purrr",
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    "S7",
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    "scales",
    "survey",
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    "tinytex",
    "truncnorm",
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    "vctrs",
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    "withr",
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  "_vignettes": [
    {
      "source": "Va_Pearce2017.Rmd",
      "filename": "Va_Pearce2017.html",
      "title": "Pearce et al. (2017): Updated v79i04.R Examples",
      "author": "Robert G Pearce, R Woodrow Setzer, Cory L Strope, Nisha S Sipes, and John F Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare R to run the vignette",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Control run speed",
        "Examples",
        "Making a table",
        "Plotting example",
        "Suppressing Messages",
        "TK Study Summary Statistics",
        "Steady-state Plasma Concentration",
        "Using more sophisticated Monte Carlo",
        "Controlling the random number generator",
        "IVIVE with HTTK",
        "Monte Carlo Simulation of $C_{ss}$",
        "Solve the full TK time-course",
        "Examine $C_{ss}$",
        "Adding a tissue",
        "Adding a species",
        "Export functions",
        "Days to steady state histogram",
        "Average vs. maximum concentration"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
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    {
      "source": "Vb_Ring2017.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vb_Ring2017.html",
      "title": "Ring et al. (2017) HTTK-Pop: Generating subpopulations",
      "author": "Caroline Ring",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Set up subpopulation specs",
        "Generate populations"
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      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
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    {
      "source": "Vc_Pearce2017.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vc_Pearce2017.html",
      "title": "Pearce et al. (2017): Evaluation of Tissue Partitioning",
      "author": "Robert Pearce",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries"
      ],
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    {
      "source": "Vd_Wambaugh2018.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vd_Wambaugh2018.html",
      "title": "Wambaugh et al. (2018): Evaluating In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation",
      "author": "John Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Plot functions",
        "Figure Three",
        "Figure Four",
        "Figure Five",
        "Figure Six",
        "Figure Seven",
        "Figure Eight",
        "Figure Nine",
        "Figure Ten",
        "Figure Eleven"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
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    {
      "source": "Ve_Frank2019.Rmd",
      "filename": "Ve_Frank2019.html",
      "title": "Frank et al. (2018): Neuronal Network IVIVE",
      "author": "John F. Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Load the data",
        "Use HTTK to perform IVIVE",
        "This loops through each study design in the table and runs solve_pbtk:",
        "Make the plot"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
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    {
      "source": "Vf_Honda2019.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vf_Honda2019.html",
      "title": "Honda et al. (2019): Updated Armitage et al. (2014) Model",
      "author": "Gregory S. Honda",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Updated Armitage 2014 Top Panel Figure 3",
        "Plot results"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
    },
    {
      "source": "Vg_Wambaugh2019.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vg_Wambaugh2019.html",
      "title": "Wambaugh et al. (2019): Uncertainty Monte Carlo",
      "author": "John F. Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Define some needed code:",
        "RMSE and $R^2$",
        "Multiple plot function",
        "Calculates the $C_{ss}$ using uncertainty only:",
        "This calculates the half-life using uncertainty only:",
        "Figure 1: Histograms depicting the measured values",
        "Figure 2: Distribution of Binding Affinities Employed in Bayesian $f_{up}$ Estimations.",
        "Figure 3: Comparison of Bayesian $f_{up}$ and Uncertainty Estimations to Experimental Point",
        "Figure 4: Comparison of Bayesian $Cl_{int}$ and Uncertainty Estimations to Experimental Point Estimates.",
        "Figure 5: Uncertainty Assessment for TK Quantities half-life and $C_{ss}$.",
        "Figure 6: Relative contributions of uncertainty and variability",
        "Figure 7: High throughput risk-based prioritization",
        "Final statistics:"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
    },
    {
      "source": "Vh_Linakis2020.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vh_Linakis2020.html",
      "title": "Linakis et al. (2020): High Throughput Inhalation Model",
      "author": "Matt Linakis",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Get metabolism and concentration data",
        "ANALYSIS",
        "Data summary for chemical properties",
        "Exposure scenarios",
        "Observations and Predictions",
        "Write out the study-level figures:",
        "Finish simulated concentration/time plots",
        "Regressions",
        "TABLE AND PLOT GENERATION",
        "Figure 2: overall observed vs. predicted plot",
        "Create and read out plots of overall cvt, cmax, and auc observed vs. pred",
        "Figure 4: Cmax and AUC observed vs. Predicted Values",
        "Figure 3: Separation by chemical class",
        "Figures S1A-S1D: Separation by time quartile and physicochemical properties",
        "Supplemental Table 2: Leave-one-out Chemical Sensitivity Analysis",
        "Supplemental Table 1"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
    },
    {
      "source": "Vi_Kapraun2022.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vi_Kapraun2022.html",
      "title": "Kapraun et al. (2022): Generic Human Gestational Model",
      "author": "Dustin F. Kapraun, Mark Sfeir, Robert Pearce, Sarah Davidson, Annie Lumen, Andre Dallmann, Richard Judson, and John F. Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Prepare custom functions",
        "Number of chemicals",
        "Aylward cord-blood data",
        "Load/format the data",
        "Convert the units:",
        "Compare HTTK predictions with maternal:fetal observations from Aylward 2014",
        "Aylward Ratio figures:",
        "Clean up repeated observations:",
        "Cord Blood Ratio Predictions without Fup Adjustement:",
        "Generate text for results section:",
        "Cord Blood Ratio Predictions with Fup Adjustement:",
        "Examine performance when excluding certain chemical classes:",
        "Evaluation of Area Under the Curve Predictions",
        "Predict AUC",
        "Generate AUC Predicted vs. Observed Figure",
        "Evaluation of Partition Coefficient Predictions",
        "Predict partition coefficients",
        "Create Observed vs. Predicted Plot",
        "First indicate compound:",
        "Then indicate tissues:",
        "Compare httk partition coefficients with PKsim:",
        "Chemical Prioritization on the Basis of Fetal Brain Concentration",
        "Make predictions for fetal:maternal plasma ratio using three daily doses from week 13 to full term",
        "Create final table holding all predictions for paper:",
        "Error in fetal:maternal ratio (inverse of maternal:fetal ratio):",
        "brain:plasma partitioning",
        "brain:plasma uncertainty partitioning",
        "Combine different ratio predicitons together for figure",
        "Make prioritization figure:",
        "Look at ionization state:",
        "Evaluate any value added by PBPK model over just using partition coefficients:",
        "Repeat analysis without fetal protein binding change:",
        "Protein Binding Figures",
        "Plot the fetal protein binding changes predicted:",
        "Maternal-Fetal Predictions across HTTK Chemical Library:",
        "Histogram of maternal-fetal ratio",
        "Statistics on maternal-fetal ratio for full HTTK library",
        "Examine Maternal-Fetal ratio Predictions without fetaul Fup correction:",
        "Supplemental Histogram of maternal-fetal ratio without Fup correction",
        "Statistics on maternal-fetal ratio for full HTTK library without Fup correction",
        "Code used to create data distributed with vignette"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
    },
    {
      "source": "Vj_Truong2025.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vj_Truong2025.html",
      "title": "Truong et al. (2025): Full Human Gestational IVIVE",
      "author": "Kimberly T.Truong, John F. Wambaugh, Dustin F. Kapraun, Sarah E. Davidson-Fritz, Stephanie Eytcheson, Richard Judson, Katie Paul-Friedman",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Overview",
        "HTTK Version",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Data Import",
        "Load libraries",
        "IVIVE using 3-compartment steady state model",
        "Examine Chemicals",
        "In silico predictions of TK parameters",
        "Examine missing chemicals",
        "Predicting AEDs based on Css50 (in plasma)",
        "Load ExpoCast predictions (SEEM3)",
        "IVIVE using the Full Human Gestational Model",
        "Compute half-lives",
        "Simulate full-term human pregnancy model",
        "Calculate AEDs by Target and Tissue",
        "Figure 9: Priority Chemicals based on maternal-fetal BERs",
        "Comparing IVIVE models based on BER prioritization",
        "Table 8",
        "Figure 10: Understanding and Interpreting Maternal-Fetal BERs",
        "Code used to create data distributed with vignette"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
    },
    {
      "source": "Vk_WambaughSubmitted.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vk_WambaughSubmitted.html",
      "title": "Wambaugh (Submitted): HTTK for PFAS",
      "author": "John F. Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Session Preparation",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Function to calculate root mean squared log10 error",
        "Analysis of Crizer et al. (2023) $Cl_{int}$ data",
        "Methods",
        "Evaluate Ratio Blood:Plasma Predictions",
        "Evaluate Membrane Affinity Predictions",
        "New In Vitro TK Parameters",
        "Examine Kbloodair",
        "HTTK Interspecies Clearance Differences",
        "Remove Rat-specific HTTK data:",
        "Add bioavailability predictions",
        "Compare default httk against in vivo clearance data:",
        "Add in Dawson 2023 predictions for later",
        "Calculate human:species clearance ratios",
        "Add non-PFAS clearances from literature",
        "Evaluating Machine Learning Model for PFAS TK",
        "New HTTK Model for PFAS",
        "Text for manuscript",
        "Other Analyses"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
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    {
      "source": "Vl_MeadeSubmitted.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vl_MeadeSubmitted.html",
      "title": "Meade (submitted): High Throughput Dermal Exposure Model",
      "author": "Annabel Meade, Celia Schacht, Alex George",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Table of Contents (added by AG 01/02/2024)",
        "Prepare for session",
        "eval = FALSE",
        "Set working directory and install packages",
        "Result 1: Model Verification using In Vivo Data",
        "Step One: Load Data",
        "Display which chemicals are being looked at",
        "Step Two: Clean and Format Data",
        "Step Three: Simulate Data",
        "Simulation Set-Up",
        "Simulations: Nested For Loops",
        "Step Four: Calculate Root Mean Squared Log10 Errors (RMSLE)",
        "Step Five: Plot Simulations",
        "Results 2: IVIVE",
        "Step Two: Load Chemical Data",
        "Step Three: Clean Data (Only Non-Volatiles and a few of the Semi-Volatiles from the validation study)",
        "Step Four: Compute Q10.AC50 (and other parameters of interest)",
        "Step Five: Conduct In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation",
        "Save data",
        "Step Six: Plot Results"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "commits": 1
    },
    {
      "source": "Vm_SchererSubmitted.Rmd",
      "filename": "Vm_SchererSubmitted.html",
      "title": "Characterizing Accuracy of Model Predictions for Chemical Concentration in High Throughput Screening Assays",
      "author": "Meredith Scherer, Madison Feshuk, James M. Armitage, Jon A. Arnot, David Crizer, Michael Devito, Stephen S. Ferguson, Kimberly Freeman, Gregory S. Honda, Josh Harrill, Alessandro Sangion, Caroline Tebes-Stevens, Katie Paul Friedman, John F. Wambaugh",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Abstract",
        "HTTK Version",
        "Prepare for session",
        "Clear the memory",
        "eval = execute.vignette",
        "Load the relevant libraries",
        "Data Collection",
        "Load and format the data",
        "Run the in vitro distribution models",
        "Manipulate data and prep for plotting",
        "Main Paper Plots:",
        "Figure 1:",
        "Figure 2:",
        "Figure 3:",
        "Figure 4:",
        "Figure 5:",
        "Main Paper Calculations:",
        "Over/underestimation",
        "Effect of water solubility value for Cyclosporin A",
        "Effect of experimentally measured nominal dose",
        "Table S1.",
        "Table S2. In vitro assay descriptors for the measurements",
        "Table S3:",
        "Table S4:",
        "Table S5:",
        "Table S6.",
        "Table S7:",
        "Table S8:",
        "Table S9:",
        "Table S10:",
        "Table S11:",
        "Figure S1:"
      ],
      "created": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
      "modified": "2025-12-10 21:39:07",
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      "os": "wasm",
      "version": "0.0.1",
      "date": "2026-05-22T12:27:18.000Z",
      "commit": "f98d97a130b1c257e689749454589ee7fea43860",
      "fileid": "5a223593323f1638cdedf2e3dc4fc6c2472d723314415305e58e0684e85cf635",
      "status": "success",
      "buildurl": "https://github.com/r-universe/wambaughul/actions/runs/25623247499"
    }
  ]
}